"Reasons given in proof or rebuttal" are called:

The term most appropriately describing "reasons given in proof or rebuttal" is arguments. An argument typically consists of a statement or claim supported by reasons and evidence to persuade an audience concerning a particular point of view. In the context of a discussion or debate, arguments are constructed through the combination of claims and the reasons or evidence that support them, aiming to justify or refute a stance.

Claims represent statements or assertions without necessarily providing support, while evidence specifically refers to the data or information that bolster those claims. Examples are specific instances used to illustrate a point but do not encompass the broader structure of presenting reasons and proofs as arguments do. Therefore, the essence of an argument lies in its role as a structured presentation of reasons aimed at proving or disputing a position, making it the correct choice in this context.